단계(123시간) 영어 - 117

117: 가정문 - 3차 가정문(가정법 과거 완료),

        그리고 가정문과 관련된 여러 가지 사항 1

 

Ⅰ. 3차 가정문: 가정법 과거 완료 - 과거 사실과 반대되는 상황을 가정한다

“If + 주어 + 과거 완료형,

주어 + would/could/might + have + 과거 분사”

 

① If we had gone there by airplane, we would have arrived there earlier.

     (우리가 비행기로 그곳에 갔더라면, 더 일찍 그곳에 도착했을 덴데.)

= Because we didn’t go there by airplane, we didn’t arrive

   there earlier.

- 가정법 과거 완료는 과거 사실의 반대를 나타낸다.

 

② If he had followed my advice, he could have saved his money and time.

    (그가 내 충고를 따랐다면 그는 그의 돈과 시간을 절약할 수 있었을 텐데.)

= As he didn’t follow my advice, he did not save his money

   and time.

- 과거에 내 충고를 따르지 않아서, 그가 시간과 돈을 절약하지 않았다는

  것을 말하고 있다.

 

③ If I had been diligent when I was young, I could have succeeded in life.

    (내가 젊었을 때 부지런했다면, 나는 인생에서 성공 할 수 있었을 첸데.)

= Because I wasn’t diligent when I was young, I did not succeed

   in life.

- 젊었을 때 부지런하지 않아서 성공하지 못했다는 것을 나타낸다.

 

④ If the ship had not sunk, many students might not have been dead.

     (배가 가라않지 않았더라면, 많은 학생들은 죽지 않았을 텐데.)

= Because the ship sank, many students were dead.

- 배가 침몰해서 많은 학생들이 죽었다는 것을 나타낸다.

 

Ⅱ. 가정문과 관련된 여러 가지 사항 1

1. If가 생략되기도 한다 - 주어와 동사의 위치가 바뀐다.

 

① Were I in your shoes, I should followed his advice.

= If I were in your shoes, I should followed his advice.

   (내가 너의 입장이라면, 나는 그의 충고를 따랐을 텐데.)

- 가정법 과거로 현재 사실의 반대를 나타낸다.

 

② Had the captain and his crews been more careful, such a disaster

    wouldn’t have happened to the passengers.

= If the captain and his crews had been more careful, such a

   disaster wouldn’t have happened to the passengers.)

   (선장과 승무원들이 더 조심했더라면, 그런 재앙은 승객들에게 일어나지

    않았을 텐데.)

- 가정법 과거 완료로, 과거 사실의 반대를 나타낸다.

 

③ Had I been interested in music, I would have gone to the concert.

= If I had been interested in music, I would have gone to the concert.

   (만약 내가 음악에 관심이 있었다면, 나는 음악회에 갔었을 텐데.)

- 가정법 과거 완료로, 과거 사실의 반대를 나타낸다.

 

2. I wish + 가정법

‘~라면 좋(았)을 텐데’의 뜻으로 실현될 수 없는 소망을 나타낸다.

 

④ I wish (that) my family were with me. - 가정법 과거

    (나의 가족이 나와 함께 있으면 좋을 텐데.)

 

⑤ I wish (that) my father had quitted smoking earlier. - 가정법 과거완료

    (나의 아버지께서 더 일찍 담배 피는 것을 끊었으면 좋았을 텐데.)

 

3. as if + 가정법

‘마치 ~인 것처럼’의 뜻을 가지지만, 실제로는 그렇지 않다는 것을 표현한다.

 

⑥ Ann acts as if she were a child. = In fact, she isn’t a child.

     (Ann은 마치 아이인 것처럼 행동한다.) (실제로는 그녀는 아이가 아니다.)

 

⑦ My mother looked as if she had been very angry with my father.

    (나의 엄마는 아버지에게 매우 화났던 것처럼 보였다.)

= In fact, my mother was not very angry with my father.

   (실제로는 나의 어머니는 나의 아버지에게 화가 나지 않았다.)

 

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P-117: 가정문 - 3차 가정문(가정법 과거 완료),

            그리고 가정문과 관련된 여러 가지 사항 1

1161	If I had been in his shoes, I might have made the same decision.
	As I was not in his shoes, I did not make the same decision. - 가정법 과거 완료

1162	If there had been an explosion here, I should have heard it.
	There was not an explosion here, and so I didn’t hear it. - 가정법 과거 완료

1163	I could have won the race if I hadn’t fallen.
	I could not win the race because I fell. - 가정법 과거 완료

1164	If I had studied medicine, I would have become a doctor by now.
	Since I didn’t study medicine, I didn’t become a doctor by now. - 가정법 과거 완료

1165	Had you studied harder at college, you could have gotten a better job.
	If you had studied harder at college, you could have gotten a better job. = Since you didn’t study harder ~, you could not get ~. - If가 생략되어서 도치된 가정법 과거 완료

1166	Should you meet her, tell her to come here immediately.
	If you should meet her, tell her to come here immediately. - If가 생략된 가정법 미래로, 불확실한 상황을 나타낸다.

1167	1. I wish I were with her now. 2. I wish I had been with her then.
	I wish + 가정법: ‘~라면 좋(았)을 텐데’의 뜻으로 소망을 나타낸다.

1168	I wish you had told me the whole truth.
	I wish + 가정법: ‘~라면 좋(았)을 텐데’의 뜻으로 소망을 나타낸다.

1169	1. The sophists talks as if they knew everything. 2. The sophists talked as if they had known everything.
	1. In fact, he don't know everything. 2. In fact, he didn't know everything. ‘As if ~’는 실제로는 그렇지 않다는 의미를 나타낸다.

1170	She looks tired as if she had not slept soundly last night.
	In fact, she slept soundly last night. ‘As if ~’는 실제로는 그렇지 않다는 의미를 나타낸다.