단계(123시간) 영어 - 101

101: 형용사절과 관련된 사항 3 - 전치사와 관계 대명사의 관계,

         그리고 관계 대명사절과 관계 부사절의 관계

 

Ⅰ. 전치사와 관계 대명사의 관계 - 형용사절에서 전치사의 목적어가 빠져 나간 경우

1) Philosophy is the subject. + He is interested in it.

- 형용사절에서 전치사의 목적어가 빠져나간 경우, 여러 가지 형태가

  가능하다. 여기서 전치사 in의 목적어는 it이며, it은 subject를 지시한다.

 

① Philosophy is the subject which he is interested in.

     (철학은 그가 관심을 가진 과목이다.)

- 두 문장을 연결하는 접속사로 which가 왔고, subject를 수식한다.

 

② Philosophy is the subject that he is interested in.

- which 대신에 that을 쓴 경우다.

 

③ Philosophy is the subject in which he is interested.

- 전치사 in이 관계 대명사 앞으로 나왔다. in it이 구를 형성하기 때문이다.

 

④ Philosophy is the subject in that he is interested.(X)

- which가 that으로 바뀐 경우는, 전치사는 앞으로 나올 수 없다.

 

⑤ Philosophy is the subject he is interested in.

- 관계 대명사(which, that)가 생략되면, 전치사는 문장 맨 뒤로 간다.

 

2) This is the person. + You spoke of him.

① This is the person whom you spoke of.

      (이분이 네가 이야기했던 사람이다.)

- 두 문장을 연결하는 접속사로 whom이 왔고, person을 수식한다.

 

② This is the person that you spoke of. - whom을 that으로 바꿈

 

③ This is the person of whom you spoke. - 전치사가 함께 나감

 

④ This is the person of that you spoke.(X) - 문장이 성립하지 않음

 

⑤ This is the person you spoke of. - that(=whom)이 생략, 뒤에 전치사만 남음

- 관계 대명사가 whom이나 that이 생략될 경우 전치사 of는 뒤로 빠짐

 

3) Do you know whom you are descended from?

→ Do you know from whom you are descended?

     (너는 네가 누구로부터 내려왔는지 아느냐? = 선조가 누구인지 아느냐?)

- whom절은 명사절로, 명사절인 경우에도 전치사가 앞으로 나올 수 있다.

 

 

Ⅱ. 관계 대명사절과 관계 부사절의 관계

‘전치사+관계 대명사’로 되어 있는 관계 대명사절을 ‘관계 부사절’로 바꿀 수

있다. 선행사가 장소일 때 where로, 시간일 때 when으로, 이유일 때 why로

바꿀 수 있다. 방법일 때는 how로 바꿀 수 없고, that으로는 바꿀 수 있다.

① My son was born on the day on which the war ended.

→ My son was born on the day when the war ended.

     (나의 아들은 전쟁이 끝난 날에 태어났다.)

- on which의 선행사가 시간을 나타내는 day이므로 when으로 바꿀 수 있다.

 

② I don’t know the reason for which he attracts such a large crowd of visitors.

→ I don’t know the reason why he attracts such a large crowd of visitors.

    (나는 그가 그렇게 많은 수의 방문객들을 끄는 이유를 알지 못한다.)

- for which의 선행사가 이유를 나타내는 reason이므로 why로 바꿀 수 있다.

 

③ The hotel at which the conference is being held is situated in the center

     of Hong Kong.

⟶ The hotel where the conference is being held is situated in the center

      of Hong Kong.

     (회의가 열리고 있는 호텔은 Hong Kong 중심에 위치해 있다.)

- at which의 선행사가 장소를 나타내는 hotel이므로 where로 바꿀 수 있다.

 

④ Show me the way in which you did it.(네가 그것을 한 방법을 보여줄래)

→ Show me the way how you did it.(X)

→ Show me the way that you did it.

- the way와 how는 같이 쓰지 못하므로 잘못된 문장이다. 따라서 how 대신에

  that을 쓴다.

 

* Show me how you did it.(네가 그것을 어떻게 했는지 보여줄래.)

- 이 문장에서 how you did it은 명사절로 직접 목적어다. 의문사절이다.

  4형식 문장으로 동사는 Show, 간접 목적어 me, 직접 목적어는 의문사절인

  how you did it이다.

 

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P-101: 형용사절과 관련된 사항 3 - 전치사와 관계 대명사의 관계,

             그리고 관계 대명사절과 관계 부사절의 관계

1001	The tourists visited the house which Beethoven was born in.
1002	The tourists visited the house in which Beethoven was born.
1003	The tourists visited the house that Beethoven was born in. cf-1. The tourists visited the house in that Beethoven was born.(X)
1004	The tourists visited the house Beethoven was born in. cf-2. The tourists visited the house where Beethoven was born.
The tourists visited the house. + Beethoven was born in the house.
1001
1002
1003
1004

1005	The managing director was respected by the workers with whom he worked.
	• The managing director was respected by the workers. + He worked with them. ⟶ The director was respected by the workers whom(that) he worked with. ⟶ The managing director was respected by the workers he worked with.

1006	I don’t know the reason why she hates me.
	• I don’t know the reason. + She hates me for the reason. ⟶ I don’t know the reason for which she hates me.

1007	He was going to the direction where the sound came.
	• He was going to the direction. + The sound came from the direction. ⟶ He was going to the direction from which the sound came.

1008	1. I will show you the way that he behaves. cf. I will show you the way how he behaves.(X) 2. I will show you how he behaves.
	• I will show you the way. + He behaves in the way. ⟶ I will show you the way in which he behaves. the way와 how는 함께 쓸 수 없고, 대신에 that을 쓴다. 2-문장의 how절은 의문사절로 명사 역할을 하며 4형식의 직접 목적어다.

1009	There are a few cases where this rule does not apply.
	• There are a few cases. + This rule does not apply to them(cases). ⟶ There are a few cases which this rule does not apply to. ⟶ There are a few cases to which this rule does not apply.

1010	The minister killed himself on the day when he heard the news.
	• The minister killed himself on the day + He heard the news on the day. ⟶ The minister killed himself on the day which he heard the news on. ⟶ The minister killed himslef on the day on which he heard the news. ⟶ The minister killed himslef on the day that he heard the news on. ⟶ The minister killed himslef on the day on that he heard the news.(X) ⟶ The minister killed himslef on the day when he heard the news.