단계(123시간) 영어 - 118

 

118: 가정문 3 - 가정문과 관련된 여러 가지 사항 2

 

Ⅰ. 가정의 조건을 나타내는 표현들 - 조건절 대용 어구

 

1. With 또는 Without

① With your help, I could achieve my goal earlier.

 = If you help me, I could achieve my goal earlier.

    (당신의 도움이 있다면, 나는 내 목표를 더 일찍 성취할 수 있을 텐데.)

- 조건을 나타내는 if절 대신 with 전치사구가 올 수 있다. - 가정법 현재

 

② Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved my goal earlier.

 = If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have achieved my goal earlier.

   (당신의 도움이 없었더라면, 나는 목표를 더 일찍 성취할 수 없었을 텐데.)

- 조건을 나타내는 if절 대신 without 전치사구가 올 수 있다. - 가정법 과거 완료

 

2. But for(= Without)

① But for your help, I couldn’t achieve my goal earlier.

    (당신의 도움이 없었다면, 나는 목표를 더 일찍 성취할 수 없었을 텐데.)

- 조건을 나타내는 if~not절 대신 전치사구 But for가 올 수 있다.

 

② But for the Sun, air and water, we couldn’t live.

    (태양, 공기와 물이 없다면, 우리는 살 수 없을 텐데.)

- 조건을 나타내는 if~not절 대신 전치사구 But for가 올 수 있다.

 

3. If it were not for ~ 또는 If it had not been for

① If it were not for a navigator, the sailors could not sail anywhere.

    (나침반이 없다면 선원들은 어디에고 항해할 수 없을 텐데.)

 

② If it had not been for your help, I couldn’t have achieved my goal earlier.

     (당신의 도움이 없었더라면, 나는 목표를 더 일찍 성취할 수 없었을 텐데.)

 

③ If it were not for your help, I couldn’t achieve my goal earlier.

     (당신의 도움이 없었다면, 나는 목표를 더 일찍 성취할 수 없을 거다.)

 

④ If it had not been for his advice, I couldn’t have quitted smoking.

     (그의 충고가 없었더라면 나는 담배피는 것을 끊을 수 없었을 것이다.)

 

Ⅱ. 가정을 나타내는 조건절이나 대용어구가 없고, 문장 안에 가정을 나타내는

      단어가 들어 있는 경우가 있다.

 

1. would, could, should, might 등의 조동사가 있을 경우 가정의 조건들이

   있는지 살펴본다.

① An honest man would not do such a thing.

 = If he were an honest man, he would not do such a thing.

    (정직한 사람이라면 그런 일은 하지 않을 것이다.)

 

② A little care could have prevented the accident.

 = If we had taken a little care, we could have prevented the accident.

    (만약 우리가 조금 더 주의를 기울였었다면, 우리는 사고를 예방할 수

     있었을 텐데.)

 

③ Anyone who should do such a thing would be blamed.

 = If anyone should do such a thing, he would be blamed.

    (그런 일을 하는 사람은 누구든지 비난을 받을 것이다.)

 

④ Just one phone call could have saved a lot of trouble.

 = With just one phone call we could have saved a lot of trouble.

 = If you had given just one phone call, it could have saved a lot of trouble.

    (단지 한 번의 전화만으로도 많은 수고를 덜 수 있었을 텐데.)

 

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P-118: 가정문 3 - 가정문과 관련된 여러 가지 사항 2

1171	With your assistance I would certainly succeed in solving a problem.
	If you assist me, I would certainly succeed in solving a problem.

1172	Without your aid I should have failed in persuading her.
	If you did not aid me, I should have failed in persuading her.

1173	But for the newspapers we should feel a great deal of inconvenience in our daily life.
	If there were no newspapers, we should feel a great deal of inconvenience in our daily life.

1174	He would have been drowned but for the bravery of a sailor.
	He would have been drowned if there had not been not the bravery of a sailor.

1175	She might have lost her family home if it had not been for her brother's support.
	1) If it were not for ~ : 가정법 과거 2) If it had not been for ~ : 가정법 과거 완료

1176	If it were not for the aid of the forces of nature, man would still be in a quite primitive state.
	1) If it were not for ~ : 가정법 과거 2) If it had not been for ~ : 가정법 과거 완료

1177	A true friend would have acted in other way.
	If he had been a true friend, he would have acted in other way.

1178	In his place I would act in other way.
	If I were in his place I would act in other way.

1179	One minute later, we might have missed the first train.
	If we had arrived there one minute later, we might have missed the first train.

1180	Such a heap of gold would have made him a rich man.
	If he had had such a heap of gold, it would have made him a rich man.